Dear students,read the following text, we will comment it in class!
Why it is so IMPORTANT to use the dictionary in the
English class?
A dictionary is a very
important tool for anyone who is learning a new language. With a good
dictionary you can do the following:
- look up the meaning of an English word
you see or hear
- find the English translation of a word
in your language
- check the spelling of a word
- check the plural of a noun or past tense
of a verb
- find out other grammatical information
about a word
- find the synonym or antonym of a word
- look up the collocations of a word
- check the part of speech of a word
- find out how to say a word
- find out about the register of a word
- find examples of the use of a word in
natural language
To be a good dictionary
user, however, it is not enough to know what to use the dictionary for. You
must also decide which is the best dictionary for any of the purposes listed
above. As well as this, you need to be able to find what you are looking for
quickly; you need to be sure that you have found what you were looking for;
and, most importantly, you need to know when to use your dictionary.
Knowing
which dictionary to use
Electronic dictionaries are
the best choice for ESL students. Most of them contain native-language
equivalents and explanations, as well as definitions and example sentences in
English. They can speak the English word to you, and they are easy to carry
around. However, they are expensive and easy to lose, so put your name on
yours!
A cheaper possibility, if
you are going to work at the computer, is to use an online dictionary. A very
good one for ESL students is the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Alternatively, if you open Google and type, for example, define:
superstitious, you will get a long list of different definitions of superstitious.
A good monolingual
dictionary is recommended for students who already have a high standard of
English and want to learn about word use.
Finding
words quickly
This is a skill that you
need to practise. Ask someone to write down 5 words and see how long it takes
you to find them. Of course, you will need to know the English alphabet
perfectly, so practise this too. Use the guide words at the top of each
dictionary page; and keep practising until you can find any word within 10
seconds. You should also practise finding words in your own language in your
bilingual dictionary. If you use an electronic dictionary, take some time at
home to learn how it works and, again, practise finding words quickly.
Finding
the right meaning of an English word
Very often when you look up
a new English word, you find that it has more than one meaning. If you are not
sure which one is correct, here’s what you can do:
- First, check through all the meanings and find the one that makes most sense in the context where you found the word. (Very often, many of the different meanings are similar and this should be enough to give you a good idea what the word means.)
- Second, if you really want to make sure, think what the word is in your own language and look it up in a bilingual dictionary. If one of the English translations is the original word you looked up, then you can be satisfied that you have found the right meaning.
Finding
the right spelling
Another problem you may
have is when you want to check your spelling but you can’t find the word you’re
looking for. What can you do?
- If you are sure of the first few letters, just look down the page until you find the right spelling. (Again, it is helpful to check the meaning is the one you expect.)
- If you are not sure of the first few letters, try some other possibilities. You know for example that some words that start with an -n sound have k as their first letter; e.g. knife, knight. So if you can't find the word under N, try looking in the K pages.
- If you still can’t find the word, think what it is in your language and look it up in your bilingual dictionary.
Finding
the right English translation of a word in your language
When you look up a word in
your own language in a bilingual dictionary, you will probably find that there
is more than one English translation. If you are not sure which to use, you
could try a back translation. This means that you look up the English
translations one by one in a monolingual dictionary. If a word has a definition
that matches the word in your language, you are safe to use it.
Knowing
when to use the dictionary
If you look up every new
word you see or hear, you will spend your whole day with the dictionary in your
hand. That’s no good! You have to be clever and choose the right words to check
and the right time to do it. Try to follow the advice below and you will become
a much more efficient language learner:
- When you find a new word while reading, finish the sentence (better: the paragraph). If you haven’t guessed the meaning and it still seems important, then you can look it up. To avoid interrupting your reading for too long, you should find its meaning in your own language using a bilingual dictionary.
- When you hear a new word in class (or the teacher has written it on the board), wait and continue listening. What the teacher says next may help you to understand the word. If you look in your dictionary, you will not hear what comes next, and this will make understanding the lesson more and more difficult.
If you think the word is very important, you could copy it from the board or write how you think it is spelled. Then later you could ask the teacher or another student what it means.
Dictionaries on- line:
Longman dictionary of Contemporary English http://www.ldoceonline.com/
Cambridge Dictionary on line http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
Word Reference: http://www.wordreference.com/